Risk Factors
- Common underlying comorbid conditions
- Neurologic conditions
- Compromised thirst mechanism
- Serious disability and total dependence on others for nutrition and hydration, eg, patients with severe cerebral palsy
- Renal diseases that impair ability to concentrate the urine, eg, salt-losing nephropathy or chronic renal failure
- Gastrointestinal conditions that cause hypoalbuminemia and decreased intravascular volume, eg, celiac disease or hepatic failure
- Endocrine disease, such as:
- Diabetes insipidus, associated with increased hypotonic urine output
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Diabetes mellitus, associated with osmolar diuresis
- Hematologic conditions that impair urine concentration mechanism
- Oncologic emergencies, eg tumor lysis syndrome (causes renal failure, particularly if patient is not well hydrated)
- Therapy that may predispose to renal failure because they impair renal autoregulation in the presence of mild renal insufficiency or dehydration
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Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
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Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
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Aminoglycosides
- Radiologic contrast media
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