Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB disproportionately affects young children as a result of their increased risk of progression to disease once infected by M tuberculosis and the increased likelihood of disseminated disease. In the United States, children who are at the highest risk for TB are children of color, children born in countries with a high prevalence of TB or into families from these countries, children who live with or in contact with adults who are at risk for TB, and children younger than 4 years.